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Common Cold
Causes
Symptoms
Precautions
Medicines
  • Rhinoviruses are the most cause of the common cold.
  • A cold virus enters your body through your mouth, eyes or nose, usually when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes, or talks
  • You can also catch a cold by touching contaminated objects and surfaces and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
  • Sneezing
  • Sore throat
  • Headache
  • Nasal congestion
  • Fever
  • Runny nose
  • Wash your hands: Wash your hands thoroughly and often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands.
  • Disinfect your stuff: Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, electronics, and kitchen and bathroom countertops daily.
  • Cover your cough: Sneeze and cough into tissues. Throw away used tissues right away, then wash your hands thoroughly. If you don't have a tissue, sneeze or cough into the bend of your elbow and then wash your hands.
  • Stay away from people with colds:Avoid close contact with anyone who has a cold. Stay out of crowds, when possible.
  • DayQuil and NyQuil
  • Zylometazoline
  • Benadryl
  • Cetirizine
  • Steam
  • Vicks 44 Cough & Cold
Covid
Causes
Symptoms
Precautions
Medicines
  • Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • COVID-19 virus spreads mainly from person to person among those in close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters).
  • The virus spreads by respiratory droplets released when someone with the virus coughs, sneezes, breathes, sings or talks. These droplets can be inhaled or land in the mouth, nose or eyes of a person nearby.
  • Fever or chills
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Cough
  • New loss of taste or smell
  • Diarrhea.
  • Congestion or runny nose
  • Sore throat
  • Get vaccinated. COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of getting and spreading COVID-19.
  • Avoid close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters) with anyone who is sick or has symptoms.
  • Cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw away the used tissue. Wash your hands right away.
  • Stay home from work, school and public areas and stay home in isolation if you're sick, unless you're going to get medical care. Avoid public transportation, taxis and ride-hailing services if you're sick.
  • Paracetamol
  • Remdesivir
  • Dexamethasone
  • Multivitamins
  • Enoxaparin
Typhoid
Causes
Symptoms
Precautions
Medicines
  • Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria.
  • Typhoid fever is contracted by the ingestion of contaminated food or water.
  • Diagnosis of typhoid fever is made when Salmonella bacteria are detected with stool, urine, or blood cultures.
  • Fever that starts low and increases daily, possibly reaching as high as 104.9 F (40.5 C)
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Muscle aches
  • Headache
  • Loss of appetite and weight loss
  • Stomach pain
  • Sweating
  • Diarrhea or constipation
  • Wash your hands: Frequent hand-washing in hot, soapy water is the best way to control infection. Wash before eating or preparing food and after using the toilet.
  • Avoid drinking untreated water: Contaminated drinking water is a particular problem in areas where typhoid fever is endemic. For that reason, drink only bottled water or canned or bottled carbonated beverages, wine and beer.
  • Choose hot foods: Avoid food that's stored or served at room temperature. Steaming hot foods are best.
  • Avoid raw fruits and vegetables:Because raw produce may have been washed in contaminated water, avoid fruits and vegetables that you can't peel, especially lettuce.
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Azithromycin
  • Multivitamins
Malaria
Causes
Symptoms
Precautions
Medicines
  • Malaria is caused by a single-celled parasite of the genus plasmodium. The parasite is transmitted to humans most commonly through mosquito bites.
  • People get malaria when an infected mosquito bites them. A mosquito becomes infected by biting someone who has malaria. The infected mosquito transfers a parasite into a person’s bloodstream, where the parasites multiply.
  • In rare cases, pregnant women with malaria can transfer the disease to their children before or during birth.
  • fever and chills
  • Weakness
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Headache
  • Body aches
  • an enlarged liver
  • Sweating
  • Diarrhea
  • Wear full sleeve protective clothing.
  • Keep your home and surroundings clean without any junks or wastes.
  • When it comes to controlling the disease, keep an eye out for the symptoms like fever with high temperature. As soon as you find any possible signs of malaria, consult your doctor immediately.
  • When you go out, in addition to spraying insect repellants on your exposed skin, you can also spray on your clothing. Mosquitoes find it easy to bite through thin clothing.
  • Chloroquine
  • Hydroxychloroquine
  • Primaquine
  • Artemether lumefantrine
  • atovaquone-proguanil
Dengue
Causes
Symptoms
Precautions
Medicines
  • Dengue fever is caused by any one of four types of dengue viruses.
  • The mosquito acquires the virus by biting someone who is already infected, and then transmits it to another person.
  • Dengue fever does not spread directly from person to person.
  • Severe stomach pain
  • Difficult or rapid breathing
  • Persistent vomiting
  • Severe Headache
  • Muscle, bone and joint pain
  • Mild bleeding
  • Fatigue
  • Use mosquito repellents that contain 20-30% DEET.
  • Wear long clothing outdoors, especially at night when mosquitos are more likely to be active.
  • Remove standing water (buckets or barrels, bird baths, old tires that may hold rain water) and fill low spots where water can pool.
  • Acetaminophen
  • No specific treatment for dengue fever exists
Diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Precautions
Medicines
  • Causes of Type 1 diabetes: This is an immune system disease. Your body attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in your pancreas. Without insulin to allow glucose to enter your cells, glucose builds up in your bloodstream. Genes may also play a role in some patients.
  • Cause of Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: Your body’s cells don't allow insulin to work as it should to let glucose into its cells. Your body's cells have become resistant to insulin. Your pancreas can’t keep up and make enough insulin to overcome this resistance. Glucose levels rise in your bloodstream.
  • Gestational diabetes: Hormones produced by the placenta during your pregnancy make your body’s cells more resistant to insulin. Your pancreas can’t make enough insulin to overcome this resistance. Too much glucose remains in your bloodstream.
  • Increased hunger
  • Increased thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • blurry vision
  • Extreme fatigue
  • Slow-healing sores or cuts.
  • Unplanned weight loss
  • Dry mouth
  • Lose extra weight: Losing weight reduces the risk of diabetes. People in one large study reduced their risk of developing diabetes by almost 60% after losing approximately 7% of their body weight with changes in exercise and diet.
  • Eat healthy plant foods: Plants provide vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates in your diet. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches — the energy sources for your body — and fiber.
  • Skip fad diets and make healthier choices: Many fad diets — such as the glycemic index, paleo or keto diets — may help you lose weight.Your dietary goal should be to lose weight and then maintain a healthier weight moving forward. Healthy dietary decisions, therefore, need to include a strategy that you can maintain as a lifelong habit.
  • Insulin
  • Metformin
  • Dapagliflozin
  • Linagliptin
  • Acarbose
  • Glimepiride
  • Sitagliptin
Asthma
Causes
Symptoms
Precautions
Medicines
  • Genetics: If a parent or sibling has asthma, you’re more likely to develop it.
  • History of viral infections: People with a history of severe viral infections during childhood, such as respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV), may be more likely to develop the condition.
  • Hygiene hypothesis: This theory explains that when babies aren’t exposed to enough bacteria in their early months and years, their immune systems don’t become strong enough to fight off asthma and other allergic conditions.
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest tightness or pain
  • rapid breathing
  • coughing, especially at night, when laughing, or during exercise
  • anxiousness or panic
  • Identify and avoid asthma triggers:Steer clear of chemicals, smells, or products that have caused breathing problems in the past.
  • Reducing exposure to allergens:If you’ve identified allergens, such as dust or mold, that trigger an asthma attack, avoid them if possible.
  • Taking preventive medication:Your doctor may prescribe medication for you to take on a daily basis. This medication may be used in addition to the one you use in case of an emergency.
  • Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia:Staying current with vaccinations can prevent flu and pneumonia from triggering asthma flare-ups.
  • Salbutamol
  • Formetrol
  • Budesonide
  • Fluticasone
  • Ipratropium
Tuberculosis
Causes
Symptoms
Precautions
Medicines
  • A bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes TB. A variety of TB strains exist, and some of these have become resistant to medication.
  • TB bacteria are transmitted through infected droplets in the air. Once these droplets enter the air, anyone nearby can inhale them.
  • cough lasting more than 3 weeks
  • coughing up blood or sputum
  • appetite loss
  • weakness
  • night sweats
  • unexplained fatigue
  • connecting with a healthcare professional for testing if you believe you’ve been exposed to TB.
  • getting tested for TB if you have HIV or any condition that increases your risk for infection.
  • visiting a travel clinic or check with your doctor about testing before and after traveling to a country with a high TB rate.
  • avoiding close or prolonged contact with someone who has active TB.
  • Rifampicin
  • Isoniazid
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Ethambutol
  • Streptomycin
  • Moxifloxacin

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